9/12/2023 0 Comments Jnk1 regulate jun protein turnover![]() Additionally, some members of the ATF (ATFa, ATF-2 and ATF-3) and JDP (JDP-1 and JDP-2) subfamilies, which share structural similarities and form heterodimeric complexes with AP-1 proteins (predominantly with Jun proteins), can bind to TRE-like sequences. AP-1 collectively describes a group of structurally and functionally related members of the Jun protein family and Fos protein family. AP-1 describes an activity that controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes containing AP-1 sites (consensus sequence 5′-TGAG/CTCA-3′), also known as TPA-responsive elements (TREs) ( Angel and Karin, 1991). Much of our current knowledge about the characteristics of transcription factors comes from the discovery and study of activating protein 1 (AP-1). Therefore, AP-1-mediated regulation of processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and transformation should be considered within the context of a complex dynamic network of signalling pathways and other nuclear factors that respond simultaneously. However, emerging evidence indicates that the contribution of AP-1 to determination of cell fates critically depends on the relative abundance of AP-1 subunits, the composition of AP-1 dimers, the quality of stimulus, the cell type and the cellular environment. Studies in genetically modified mice and cells have highlighted a crucial role for AP-1 in a variety of cellular events involved in normal development or neoplastic transformation causing cancer. It mediates gene regulation in response to a plethora of physiological and pathological stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress signals, bacterial and viral infections, as well as oncogenic stimuli. The AP-1 transcription factor is mainly composed of Jun, Fos and ATF protein dimers. ![]()
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